The method can be used to either locate the basic grounds for a problem or to find the different reasons for the same problem.
There are two different versions of the method Five Whys, which is described in the guidance section.
Method FIVE WHYS
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Instructions
In the first version the intention behind the Five Whys is to find underlying reasons. Ask: “Why did this problem occur?” When you have an answer, then ask: “Why is this the case” and repeat the procedure until you have asked ‘Why’ five times. The answer to the fifth ‘why’ is probably the underlying reason.
- Problem: We have a loss in profits – why?
- Because too few customers visit our shop – why?
- Because our prices are too high – why?
- Because our costs are too high – why?
- Too much waste
In the second version, one also asks the question ‘Why’ five times, but this time, you are looking for varying reasons to a problem.
- Problem: We have a loss in profits – why?
- Because too few customers visit our shop – why?
- Because a competitor has opened a shop down the road – why?
- Because we have stopped advertising – why?
- Because we don’t have enough staff to provide good service – why?
- Because our selection is too narrow.
Preparation
Please make sure that all students have an issue/problem to works with from their project work.
Sources
Developed by Sakichi Toyoda of Toyota. Is used with LEAN and Six Sigma process enhancement.